The Hohokam liked to put spaces between their houses and did not cluster them together like the neighboring Anasazi (Ancestral Puebloans).Īrtifacts recovered from their settlements show that the Hohokam people traded with the inhabitants of New Mexico, Arizona, California, and Northern Mexico. The Hohokam also used mud plaster as flooring, then finished the house with a hearth and a roasting pit. The walls were made of brush, arrow weeds, and reeds which were then covered with mud plaster (wattle and daub). “They were initially hunter-gatherers who relied on mammoths, bisons, and plants during the Pioneer Period.” Wooden beams were mounted on the posts before these were covered with brush that served as the house’s roof. Rows of smaller posts were then installed as the framework of the house. Pine and mesquite served as posts for these rectangular, square, or oval-shaped pit-houses. Just like their neighbors, the Anasazi and the Mogollon people, the Hohokam also constructed shallow pit houses built from brush and then covered with dirt.
They started to live in houses separated by spaces from each other within a village. The Hohokam people transitioned from a nomadic to a sedentary lifestyle in 900 AD. They were initially hunter-gatherers who relied on mammoths, bisons, and plants during the Pioneer Period. The Hohokam people built these canals, dams, and terraces with basic tools such as sticks and ceramic hoes. They also carved terraces on the hillsides and check dams to catch rainfall runoff. Sometimes, they cultivated crops near the mouth of creeks to take advantage of the natural irrigation. They planted crops in nearby fields that usually flooded when the river overflowed after a storm. Over at the Tucson Basin settlements, the Hohokam people adapted to their environment and used floodwater farming to water their crops. The canals channeled water from the river to irrigate fields they planted with the Native American staple food of beans, corn, and squash. From Mexico, the Hohokam brought with them the knowledge of irrigation and they built a canal system that reached a thousand miles in their new settlements. It also had relatively stable water supplies that came from rivers and streams. The Hohokam people who lived in the Heartland inhabited a harsh environment in the Sonoran desert, but the area became habitable because it received higher rainfall than the neighboring regions. Learn facts that you can’t learn just from reading the BibleĪttractive design ideal for your home, office, church … Unique Circular Format – see more in less space. Quickly See 6000 Years of Bible and World History Together Today we try to use Hohokam only when refering to archeology and its discoveries, we use ancestral Sonoran Desert people when talking about the people who created the pottery, homes, and irrigation systems the archeologists study.These Articles are Written by the Publishers of The Amazing Bible Timeline It is thought that an archeologist misheard the O'Odham word "huhugam" which translates to ancestors (among other meanings). O'Odham, Hopi, and Zuni descendents of these ancestral people do not call them Hohokam, and Hohokam is not a word in any of those descendent languages. By 450 C.E., these desert dwellers had formed a distinct culture, identified in part by their particular form of pottery called “red-on-buff.” Archeologists call this specialized culture "Hohokam" but this is not the name of a tribe or a people. Adapting to the dry conditions of the desert, these early farmers learned to use water from mountain run-offs and rivers to irrigate their fields. Domesticated corn from Mesoamerica was introduced and appears to have influenced a gradual transition from hunting and gathering to a more settled farming existence. Over time, as the area grew hotter and drier, wild plants and animals became less abundant. Who were the ancestral Sonoran Desert people? Archeological evidence suggests they may have descended from an earlier hunting and gathering “Archaic” culture that began in this area around 5,500 B.C.E.
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